Careers in Legal Studies

Legal studies is an old career option for the 10+2 students. Since the British era legal career attracted many bright minded people. With the increase in the magnitude  of crime and corruption in our country, law seems to be a good career option for the students who can take the challenge to provide justice to innocent parties.  A lawyer is licensed by the state to engage in the practice of law and advice clients on legal matters. Lawyers act as both advocates and advisors on behalf of their clients. As an advocates, they take either the plaintiff or the defendant and advance their client’s case through oral argument or written documents such as motions and briefs. As advisors, lawyers advice clients on how the facts of their particular case apply to the law.

 

Course Details

Many course options are available in law. One can pursue a three-year law course (LLB) after graduation in any discipline. Otherwise one can go for  a five-year course after twelfth standard examinations, leading to a BA LLB (Hons). The BA LLB programme usually covers practical training including court attendance, hands on training at legal aid centres and research projects. Programmes in law (LLM) are of 2 years duration & one should have LLB degree to pursue this case. There are various branches of specialization in law like civil law, corporate law, criminal law, income tax law, labour law, international law, constitutional law, and patent law etc.

 

Career Prospects

 Good career opportunities are available to law graduates. Lawyers can have employment opportunities in public and private sector organizations. Lawyers can enroll themselves with the Local/State/Central Bar Council  to become an advocate and practice law as a profession. A Lawyer can be appointed as Company Secretaries in various firms. A Lawyer can work with legal consultancy firms dealing with tax, excise, patent, labour and environmental laws. A Lawyer can work trustees of various trusts and law reporters in media industries. A Lawyer can work in numerous Law schools and colleges as a teacher/professor. 

With experience lawyers can be  appointed as Judges of various courts, as Attorney and Solicitor General, as Public Prosecutor and also in Defense, Tax and Labour departments. 

Institutions offering law course

Some of the top Law colleges are mentioned below  

• National Law School of India University, Bangalore
•  NALSAR, Hyderabad
• Symbiosis Law College, Pune
• Amity Law School, New Delhi
• The Government Law College, Mumbai
• ILS Law College, Pune
• National Law Institute University, Jodhpur
• West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences
• Faculty of Law, Banaras Hindu University
• Indian Law Institute, New Delhi

Remuneration 

A law graduate can start his career with a salary of  15 to 20 thousand per month. The salary is this field increases with the experience. One can open his own law consultancy after five-six years of experience.

Careers in Petroleum Engineering

Petroleum engineers are involved in the exploration and production activities of petroleum. The study covers topics including geology, economics, geochemistry, geophysics, geomechanics, oil drilling, knowledge management, geopolitics, seismology, tectonics, thermodynamics, oil and gas production, reservoir development, well logging, well completion, and pipelines etc.

With the advancement in new technology, Petroleum engineering has become very much useful in the extraction process. Improvements in computer modelling, materials and the application of statistics, probability analysis, and new technologies like horizontal drilling and enhanced oil recovery, have also improved the toolbox of the petroleum engineer in recent decades.

Eligibility

The basic eligibility criteria is 10+2 (with Physics, Chemistry and Maths). There are many BE/BTech program in Petroleum Engineering of four years duration.

M. Tech (Petroleum Engineering) is offered by Indian School of Mines University, Dhanbad.

Career Prospects

Petroleum engineering is not very popular stream of engineering study, but it offers quite good job opportunities to the graduates. Fresher’s may find ample scope in public undertakings as well as in corporate sector that deal with petroleum exploration and extraction.

Institutes/Universities

Here is a list of top institutions offering courses in Petroleum Engineering and technology.

1. Dept. of Petroleum Engineering, Indian School of Mines University
2. Institute of Petroleum Management, Gandhinagar (IPMG)
3. Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University
4. Institute of Petroleum Technology, Gandhinagar
5. Research & Innovation Centre, Gandhinagar
6. Indian Institute of Petroleum, Dehradun - 248 005

Careers in Mining Engineering

Mining engineering studies general engineering course followed by professional mining classes in drilling and blasting, rock mechanics, materials handling, mine health and safety, mine ventilation, ore reserve analysis, mine cost engineering, operations analysis, mine planning and minerals processing.

Mining engineers are required in mineral extraction and other fields where the earth's crust is utilized. The construction industry, with its requirements of developing roads, railroads, tunnels, underground chambers, and the hazardous waste disposal industry are examples of such applications. These are rapidly expanding needs with a shortage of competent people; the mining engineer is well qualified to meet these needs. The importance of ecological and environmental planning is recognized and given significant attention in all aspects of the mining engineering curriculum.

The main task of mining engineers is to put the knowledge of scientific theories, engineering fundamentals and develop ways to discover and recover natural resources in a profitable manner.

Eligibility

The basic eligibility criteria is 10+2 Sc (with Physics, Chemistry and Maths). There are many BE/BTech program in Mining engineering of four years duration. The selection is generally made on the basis of entrance tests (e.g. IITJEE, AIEEE, BITSAT etc.) conducted at both national and state level.  

Career Prospects

Mining engineers task involves locating and safely extracting natural reserves like petroleum, minerals etc. The duties of mining professionals also include designing, planning, excavation of minerals and their transportation, air circulation, maintenance of mines, and removal of toxic gases from the mines. There are some specialized branches like Mining Machinery, Mining Electronics, and Mineral Engineering that mining engineers can choose from.

Mining engineers find employment opportunities both in government as well as private sector. Companies like the Coal India, ONGC, Geological Survey of India, HCL, Neyvelli Lignite Corp., IPCL, NALCO, TISCO, TELCO, Reliance and MNCs like British Gas and Schlumberger recruit graduates directly from the top campuses like ISM and IITs.

Institutes/Universities

These are some elite institutions in India offering courses in Mining Engineering

1. Indian Institutes of Technology
2. Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University
3. Indian School of Mines (ISM)
4. Bengal Engineering College
5. National Institutes of Technology
6. Jadavpur University, Kolkata

Other than this some state level universities and private institutions are offering this course.

Careers in Metallurgical Engineering

Metallurgical Engineering deals with the study of the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. Metallurgical engineering can be divided into three categories - extractive metallurgy, physical metallurgy, and mineral processing. Extractive metallurgy involves extracting metal from ore. Physical metallurgy needs problem solving skills. In this case a metallurgical engineer prepares the sorts of metallic alloys needed for different types of manufacturing and construction works. Mineral Processing deals with the technology of processing mineral products after it is extracted from the earth crust in impure form.

All metallurgical engineers study the fundamental principles of all three fields including basic engineering in general. The work of metallurgical engineers is similar to the work of metallurgical scientists. Metallurgical engineers use complex equipment, including X-ray machines, electron microscopes, and spectrographs. They use the latest scientific and technological findings in their work.

Eligibility

The basic eligibility criteria is 10+2 (with Physics, Chemistry and Maths). There are many BE/BTech program in Metallurgical Engineering of four years duration. The selection is generally made on the basis of entrance tests (e.g. IITJEE, AIEEE, BITSAT etc.) conducted at both national and state level.  

Career Prospects

Metallurgical engineers have opportunities in every industry and enterprise that produces, buys, sells refines or manufactures metals or metallic products. In India young metallurgical graduates can expect some exciting career opportunities in government undertakings as well as in private companies.

Apart from choosing for industrial jobs one can also join as a research fellow or an associate or a scientist or professor in various labs and universities located in India and abroad.

Institutes/Universities

These are few elite institutions in India offering courses in Metallurgical Engineering.

   1.       Indian Institutes of Technology  

   2.       Indian School of Mines (ISM)

   3.       Bengal Engineering College

   4.       National Institutes of Technology

   5.       Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University

   6.       Bihar Institute of Technology, Sindri Institute-828123, Dhanbad, Jharkhand

Other than this some state level universities and private institutions are offering this course.

Careers in Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical engineering involves the application of laws and principles of Physics to analyze, design, manufacture, and maintain the mechanical systems. A mechanical engineer have the knowledge of the key concepts including mechanics, thermodynamics,  kinematics and energy. He may work in varied fields which use mechanical systems including aircraft, automobiles, heating & cooling systems, industrial equipment, manufacturing plants, and machinery, medical devices and more.

A mechanical engineer do research, develop, design and test tools, engines, machines, and other mechanical devices. He works on power-producing machines such as electric generators, internal combustion engines, and steam and gas turbines as well as power-using machines such as machine tools, refrigeration and air-conditioning equipment, material handling systems, elevators and escalators, industrial production equipment and robots used in manufacturing. A mechanical engineer may work in production operations in agriculture or manufacturing, maintenance, or technical sales; many are also absorbed as administrators or managers.

Eligibility

The basic eligibility criteria is 10+2 (with Physics, Chemistry and Maths). There are many BE/BTech program in mechanical engineering of four years duration. The selection is generally made on the basis of entrance tests (e.g. IITJEE, AIEEE, BITSAT etc.) conducted at both national and state level.  

One can also pursue Diploma program after completion of his/her class 10th. In this case he/she will only be recognized with the status of a junior engineer.

Career Prospects

Mechanical engineers have job opportunities in various public and private sector companies including the automobiles, steel plants, chemical, electronics, oil exploration and refining, technical wings of armed forces, space research organization and many more fields.

Government sector have positions like Junior Engineers, Assistant Engineers, Assistant Executive Engineers, Executive Engineers, and Superintendent Engineers and so on.

Institutes/Universities

BE/BTech course in Mechanical engineering is offered by almost all engineering colleges/technological universities including the IITs and NITs. Most of the state universities and private Btech colleges offer mechanical engineering branch.